Transmission



June 4, 1935. o. H. BANKER 2,003,963

` l TRANSMISSION Y Filed March 2l, 1930 4 sheetsheet, l

l M 74, fam

Bv fm ATTORNEY June 4, 1935. 0, H. BANKER v2,003,963 l TRANSMISSIONFiled March 2l, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 A TTORNE Y.

O. H. BANKER TRANSMISSION `lune 4, 1935.

Filed March 2l, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 NVENTOR.

A TTORNEY.

O. H. BANKER June 4, 1935.

TRANSMISSION Filed March 21, 1.930

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 A INVENTOR.

7 l ATTORNEY.

Patented June 4, 1935 PATENT OFFICE 'rnANsMissroN om n. Banker,Philadelphia, ra., minor a Continental Illinois Bank and Trust Company,Chicago, Ill., a corporation, as trustee Application March 21,

3 Claims.

The object of this invention is to devise a' novel ytransmission whereinnovel means are provided to automatically prevent backward movement of amotor vehicle while on a grade or incline, such 5 means being releasableat the will of the driver to permit forward or backward movement of themotor vehicle without necessitating the application of the brakesof themotor vehicle.

' The construction and arrangement of the transmission prevents themotor vehicle from rolling forward when the reverse gearing is inoperation. i,

' A further object of the invention is to devise a transmission of the'type herein disclosed where- "in one-way roller clutches are employedwhich are ineffective when the gears are in neutral so that the car canbe readily moved forwardly or backwardly in garages or parking places.

A further object of the invention is to devise a novel transmission inwhich if the operator cranks the engine and it back fires, the rollerclutch will stop the crank from reversing and breaking the operators armor doing other in- Jury.

A further object of the invention is to devise a novel automatictransmission having novel means to automatically prevent improperrearward or forward movement of the motor vehicle without interferingwith the normal operation of the which prevents the stalling of theengine when the motor vehicle tends to roll rearwardly.

In my copending application Serial No. 314,919, filed Oct. 25, 1928, Ihave described and broadly claimed one type of no-back transmission butthis did not have releasing mechanism under the control of the operatoras disclosed and generically Yclaimed in the present application.

With the above and other objects in view, as will hereinafter clearlyappear, my invention comprehends in its broad and generic scope, a noveltransmission which will automatically prevent a motor vehicle fromrolling backward when in forward gear and which will automaticallyprevent the motor vehicle rolling forwardly when in reverse gear.

It further comprehends a novel transmission having automatic no-backmechanism which is releasable at the will of the operator so that theoperator can freely shift the gears for a desired forward speed or for areverse speed.

It further comprehends a novel construction and arrangementof atransmission.

Other novel features of construction and advantage will hereinafter moreclearly appear in motor vehicle or the shifting of the gears and 1930,Serial No. 437,717 (Cl. 192-4) the detailed description and the appendedclaims.

For the purpose of illustrating the invention, I have shown in theaccompanying drawings typical embodiments of it, which, in practice,will give reliable and satisfactory results. It is, however, to beunderstood that these embodiments are typical only and that theA variousinstrumentalities of which my yinvention consists can be variouslyarranged and organized, and the invention not limited tothe precisearrangement and 10 organization of these instrumentalities as herein setforth.

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a transmission embodying myinvention.

Figure 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Figure 3. 15

Figure3 is a section on line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of another embodiment of my invention.Y

'Figure 6 is asection on line E-Glof Figure 5. 20

Figure '7 is a sectional elevation of another embodiment vof myinvention. n,

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawingsz- Referring nrst to the embodiment seen inFigures 1 to 4 inclusive, I designates the driving shaft and 2 thedriven shaft of a novel transmission embodying my invention, said shaftsbeing mounted in antifriction bearings 3 and l of the 30 y transmissionhousing 5. The driving shaft l is the engine shaft or a shaftoperatively connected therewith and has a driving gear 6 fixed to it.This driving gear 5 is always in mesh with a driven gear l which forms,with gears 8, 9, and 35 I0, a cluster gear, rotatably carried by astationary counter-shaft II journalled in the housin 5 and keyed to itas at I2.

The countershaft II has mounted on it a stationary cam I3, which isfixed and locked in 40 place by the splines Il. I5 are rollers actingbetween the cam I3 and the wall of the cluster gear recess I6. A disk Ilis also splined to the countershaft II, and acts as a stop for therollers I5. The disk I1 rests against a shoulder I8 45 on thecountershaft II. A sleeve I9 is closely fitted on a reduced diameter ofthe-countershaft II and acts as a spacer, so-that, when the nut 20 istightened, the sleeve I9, cam I3 and disk I1 are drawn tightly togetherand locked be- 50 tween the shoulder I8 and the transmission housing 5.ZI is a bearing member, and roller retainer, loosely mounted on thesleeve I9 and has two steps of diameter at both its inner and its outerperipheries. One step of its inner di- 55 ameter has a running ilt onthe sleeve I9, and its other inner diameter extends over the cam I3, asshown in Figure 3. The member 2| is retained between the transmissionhousing 5 and the cam I3. One of the outer diameters of the bearingmember 2| acts as a shaft for rollers 22 which support the cluster gearat one end, said rollers bearing against the wall of the recess I6. Theother outside diameter of the bearing member 2| is of less diameter thanthat of the recess I8 to permit the free turning of the cluster gear.

As best seen in Figure 3, the bearing member 2| has pockets 23, toloosely cage the rollers I5. The bearing member 2| has splined on itsouter end, one end of an arm 24. The arm 24 at its opposite end isprovided with a slot 25, adapted to receive the ball shaped end 26 of aball arm 21, which forms a part of a shaft 28, journalled in a bearing29 cast on the transmission housing 5. A stop arm 30 is fixed to theouter end of the shaft 28 being splined thereon, and it is tightlylocked in position by means of a screw 3|. The stop arm 30 carries twoset screws 82 and I3, each of which is provided with a lock nut such as34. The setscrew 32 is in line with a stationary stop 85 in the form ofa lug cast on the housing 5. The set screw 33 is in line with anoscillating arm 86 loosely mounted on the shaft 28. A spring 31 keepsset screw 82 against the stop 35. Y

The outer end of the oscillating arm 38 is connected by a rod 38, withan arm 39 which is fast on the outer end of the main clutch releaseshaft 40. As shown in Figure 2, the arm 35 has a desired amount ofmovement so that the main clutch can be released for the shifting of thegears or stopping the car, and a further movement will move the arm 38against its set screw 33, thereby moving the stop arm 30. As the stoparm 30 is fixed to the shaft 28, such shaft will move with it as willalso the ball arm 21, splined to the bearing member 2|, which presses onthe clutch rollers I5, moving them towards the lower parts of the camI8. This releases the cluster gear so that it is free to turn in anydirection. The spring 31 effects the return of the clutch rollers totheir operative positions.

In the operation of a motor vehicle the gears are shifted by means of aconventional gear shift lever 4| operating shifter forks 42, one ofwhich is shown in Figure 1.

For low speed, the gear 48 is moved to engage the gear 9 and the driveis then through gears 5, 1, 9 and 43, which latter is splined to thedriven shaft 2 to drive it.

For second or intermediate speed, the gear 44 engages with the gear 8and the drive is then through gears 8, 1, 8 and 44, the gear 44 beingsplined to the driven shaft 2 to drive it.

For high speed lthe gear 44 engages with the gear 8 so that there is adirect connection between the shafts and 2.

The usual movement of the ncluster gear is in the direction of the arrowmarked "Free" in Figure 3, but if the vehicle is stopped on an up gradewith gears in mesh and the brake released, the tendency of the movementof the cluster gear is in the direction of the arrow marked Lock inFigure 3. This wedges the clutch rollers l5 between the cam I3 and thecluster gear and retrograde movement or rearward coasting of the vehicleis automatically prevented.

If the gears are in reverse and the car is stopped on a down grade, withgears in mesh and the brake released, forward movement of the vehicle isautomatically prevented, as is apparent.

45 is the conventional reverse gear in mesh with the gear I0.

The bearing member 2| is in the nature of a releasing member for theclutch rollers I5.

The restraining means are reductively geared relatively to the drivingmeans, which gives less wear on the restraining means.

The restraining means is not limited to any special location in thetransmission. In Figures 1 to 4, I have disclosed it as mounted on astationary countershaft within the transmission housing. In Figures 5and 6 it is mounted on the driving shaft. In Figures 7 and 8 it ismounted on the countershaft, but exterior of the transmission housing.

'I'he foregoing and other arrangements too numerous to herein set forthin detail are within the broad and generic scope of this invention.

Referring now to the embodiment seen in Figures 5 and 6, the clustergear is solid and the other gearing is the same as that alreadydescribed in connection with Figures 1 to 4 of the drawings.

45 is the driving and 41 is the driven shaft.

The driving shaft 45 has fixed to it by splines 48 a cylindrical bearing49 which is locked in position by a nut 50. A casing member 5|- and anend cap 52 are secured to the transmission housing by bolts 5I. A camreleasing member 54 in the form of a ring has segments 55 which formpockets 55 to receive the clutch rollers 51. 'Ihe member 5| is recessedas at 58, and cams or wedges 59 interlock with the walls of saidrecesses. An arm 89 is connected to the releasing member 54 andconnected in any desired or conventional manner to the clutch pedal rod8|, tov

be operated thereby in a similar manner to that already described bymeans of. a connecting link or links, (not shown).

It will be apparent that the releasing action of the restraining meansisthe same as that already disclosed in Figures 1 to 4,1to automaticallylock the transmission, to restrain rearward movement when in forwardspeed and forward movement when the gea's are in reverse.

It is also within the scope of this invention to have the restrainingmeans on a rotatable countershaft as in Figure 7, and exterior of thetransmission housing.

The lcountershaft extends through the housing in Figure 7, and hasflxed.,to it by splines 52 and nut 53, a bearing 84, similar to that inFigure 1. A casing 85 and end cap 58 is secured to the housing by bolts81. The releasing member 58 has pockets to receive the clutch rollers69, which ride between the bearing 64 and the cams or wedges 10 as inFigures 5 and 6.

The driving gear 1| meshes with a gear 12, fixed to the countershaft asare also the gears 13, 14, and 15. The shifting gears 18 and 11 aresimilar to those already described.

The releasing member 88 is connected with clutch throw-ofi mechanism inany desired or conventional manner to be operated thereby so that theoperation and results are the same as that already described inconnection with the other ilgures of the drawings.

In all of the embodiments of my invention herein shown, the clutch pedalis moved its full stroke to release the restraining mechanism so thatthere is no check or resistance in shifting gears.

InsofaryasIamawareJamtherstinthes art to provide automatic restrainingmechanism in a transmission which is releasable at the will of theoperator, and I therefore desire to have the claims receive the broadand generic interpretation to which a pioneer in the art is entitled.

It will now be apparent that I have devised a new and usefultransmission which embodies the features of advantage enumerated asdesirable in the statement of the invention and the above description,and while I have, in the present instance, shown and described apreferred embodimet thereof which will give in practice satisfactory andreliable results, it is to be understood that this embodiment issusceptible of modification in various particulars without departingfrom the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of itsadvantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, isz- 1. In a vehicle transmission foroperatively connecting a driving and a driven member, a driving anddriven gears, a stationary countershaft, a cluster gear on said shaft,driven by said driving member and selectively cooperating with saiddriven gears to provide a determined gear ratio, a stationary cam,clutch rollers between said cam and cluster gear, a releasing member forsaid clutch rollers, a shaft having an arm provided with a ball andsocket connection with said releasing member and a clutch throw-Hmechanism operatively connected with said last-named shaft to actuateit.

2. In a vehicle transmission for operatively connecting a driving and adriven member, a driving and driven gears, a stationary countershaft, acluster gear on said shaft, driven by said driving member andselectively cooperating with said driven'gears to provide a determinedgear ratio, and restraining means for said cluster gear, including areleasing member, a rock arn to actuate said releasing member, a stopfor said rock arm, an oscillating arm having relative movement with saidstop and means under the control of the operator to actuate saidoscillating arm to move said stop and thereby said releasing memberintoy released position.

3. In a vehicle transmission for operatively connecting a driving and adriven member, a driving and driven gears, a stationary countershaft, acluster gear on said shaft, driven by said driving member andselectively cooperating with said driven gears to provide a determinedgear ratio, restraining means for said cluster gear, including areleasing member, a releasing member, a rock shaft movably connectedwith it to actuate it, an oscillating member connected with said rockshaft, a main clutch operatively connected with said member, anda stopfor said rock shaft permitting the shifting of gears without actuatingthe rock shaft.

OSCAR H. BANKER.

